Izibane zeLali zeSolar Street: Ukuxhobisa uluntu lwaseMaphandleni ngaMandla aZinzileyo

Village izibane zendlela zesola ziguqula uluntu lwasemaphandleni kwihlabathi jikelele, zizisa izisombululo zamandla azinzileyo kwimimandla ebikade igutyungelwe bubumnyama. Ezi nkqubo zitsha zokukhanyisa zisebenzisa amandla elanga ukukhanyisa izitalato, iindlela, kunye neendawo zikawonke-wonke, ziguqula ubomi bezigidi kwimimandla engaphandle kwegrid. Ngokubonelela ngezibane ezithembekileyo, ezingabiziyo, neziyiyo imeko-bume, izibane zasezitalatweni ezisebenza ngelanga ziqinisa ukhuseleko, zandisa iiyure zemveliso, yaye zikhuthaza ukukhula koqoqosho kwiilali ezikwanti. Ubuchwephesha obuzinzileyo abunciphisi nje kuphela unyawo lwekhabhoni kodwa lukwakhuthaza ukuzimela kwamandla, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe sisisombululo esifanelekileyo kwiinzame zokufakelwa kombane ezilalini. Njengoko oorhulumente, ii-NGOs, kunye namaqumrhu ecandelo labucala eqonda ngakumbi amandla okukhanyisa ezitalatweni zelanga, uluntu oluninzi luyaxhamla kolu tshintsho lwamandla acocekileyo, luvula indlela yekamva eliqaqambileyo, elizinzileyo kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni kwihlabathi jikelele.

Ingaba izibane zasesitalatweni zelanga zitshintsha njani iilali ezingaphandle kwegrid kwihlabathi liphela?

Ukukhanyisa indlela eya kwinkqubela phambili

Izibane zasesitalatweni zeSolar ziguqula iilali ezingaphandle kwegrid ngokubonelela ngomthombo wokukhanya othembekileyo owawungafumaneki ngaphambili okanye ongahambelaniyo. Kwiindawo ezininzi ezikude, umbane wendabuko osekelwe kwigridi mhlawumbi awukho okanye awuthembeki, ushiya uluntu ebumnyameni emva kokutshona kwelanga. Ukuqaliswa kweenkqubo zokukhanyisa amandla elanga kuye kwatshintsha le ngxelo ngokuphawulekayo. Ezi zisombululo zokukhanyisa ezizimeleyo zisebenza ngokuzimeleyo kwigridi yamandla engundoqo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba izitalato kunye neendawo zoluntu zihlala zikhanyiswe kakuhle nakwiindawo ezineziseko ezinqabileyo.

Impembelelo yolu tshintsho inzulu. Izitrato ezikhanyiswe kakuhle ziqinisa ukhuseleko nokhuseleko, nto leyo evumela abantu basemaphandleni ukuba bahambe ngokukhululekileyo emva kobumnyama. Oku kushukuma kwanda kuneziphumo ezifikelela kude kubomi boluntu, ukusuka ekwandisweni kweeyure zokusebenza ukuya ekuvumeleni iindibano zoluntu kunye nemisebenzi yokufundisa ngokuhlwa. Ngaphezu koko, ubukho bezibane ezitalatweni buthintela ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye nokungena kwezilwanyana zasendle, kubangela indawo ekhuselekileyo kubo bonke abahlali.

Ukukhuthaza ukukhula koqoqosho nophuhliso loluntu

Ngaphaya kokhuseleko, izibane zendlela zesola ziphembelela ukukhula koqoqosho kwiilali ezingaphandle kwegrid. Iiyure ezondisiweyo zokubonakala zivumela amashishini ukuba asebenze ixesha elide, ukwandisa imveliso kunye namathuba engeniso. Abathengisi basezitalatweni, iivenkile ezincinci, kunye neemarike zalapha ekhaya ngoku zinokuhlala zivulekile emva kokutshona kwelanga, zingena kwifestile yezoqoqosho engazange isetyenziswe ngaphambili. Oku kwandiswa kweeyure zoshishino akukhuthazi nje kuphela uqoqosho lwengingqi kodwa kudala amathuba amatsha emisebenzi phakathi koluntu.

Ngaphaya koko, ukufakelwa nokugcinwa kwezibane zelanga ezitalatweni kubangele icandelo elitsha lengqesho. Amagcisa asekuhlaleni neenjineli aqeqeshelwa ukufakela, ukulondoloza, nokulungisa ezi nkqubo, nto leyo edala amathuba emisebenzi enezakhono kwimimandla yasemaphandleni. Oku akuboneleli nje kuphela ngengqesho kodwa kukwaqinisekisa uzinzo lwexesha elide lweziseko zokukhanyisa.

Impembelelo yentlalo yokukhanya kwezitalato zelanga kubaluleke ngokulinganayo. Ukukhanya okuphuculweyo kukhokelele ekwandeni kothethathethwano noluntu, kunye neendawo zoluntu zifikeleleka ngakumbi kwaye zisebenziseka ngamaxesha angokuhlwa. Oku kukhuthaze umanyano loluntu oluqilima kunye nentsebenziswano yoluntu. Ukongezelela, abantwana kwezi lali ngoku banethuba lokufunda emva kokuba kumnyama, nto leyo enokuthi iphucule iziphumo zemfundo kunye namathemba ekamva.

Izisombululo zokukhanya kwesitrato ezifikelelekayo zesolar kwimimandla ephuhlayo

Itekhnoloji engabiziyo yokukhanyisa emaphandleni

Ukufikeleleka kwezibane zasesitalatweni zelanga kube yinto etshintshayo kwiindawo ezisaphuhlayo. Njengoko iteknoloji ihambela phambili kwaye imveliso ikhula, ixabiso leepaneli zelanga, izibane ze-LED, kunye neebhetri zehle kakhulu. Oku kuncitshiswa kweendleko zecandelo lenze ukuba iinkqubo zokukhanyisa ezitalatweni zelanga zifikeleleke ngokukhawuleza kuluntu lwasemaphandleni oluxinzelelweyo kunye noorhulumente basekhaya.

Ngaphezu koko, izibonelelo zeendleko zexesha elide zezibane zelanga ezitalatweni zininzi. Nje ukuba zifakwe, ezi nkqubo zifuna iindleko ezincinci zokusebenza, njengoko zisebenzisa amandla elanga asimahla. Ukungabikho kwamatyala ombane kunye nokuncitshiswa kweemfuno zokulondolozwa kwenza izibane zendlela zesola isisombululo esizinzileyo ngokwezemali semimandla ephuhlayo. Ubomi obude beebhalbhu ze-LED zanamhlanje kunye nokuqina kwee-solar panels zinegalelo ngakumbi kwiindleko-zokusebenza kwezi nkqubo ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Izisombululo ezilungiselelwe iimfuno ezahlukeneyo zasemaphandleni

Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili zezisombululo zokukhanya kwezitalato zelanga kukulungelelaniswa kwazo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zasemaphandleni. Abavelisi ngoku banikezela ngoluhlu lweenketho ezinokuthi zilungelelaniswe neemfuno ezithile zoluntu kunye neemeko zendawo. Umzekelo, ezinye iisistim ziza nesetingi zokukhanya, ezivumela ugcino lwamandla ngexesha leeyure zetrafikhi ephantsi. Ezinye zibandakanya izinzwa ezishukumayo, ukwenza ukukhanya okugcweleyo kusebenze kuphela xa abahambi ngeenyawo okanye izithuthi zibhaqwe, nto leyo eqhubela phambili ukusetyenziswa kwamandla.

Ubume bemodyuli yeenkqubo ezininzi zokukhanya ezitalatweni zelanga nazo zivumela ukuncipha. Iilali zinokuqala ngeziseko zokukhanyisa ezisisiseko kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe zandise njengoko izixhobo zifumaneka. Oku bhetyebhetye kuluncedo ngakumbi kwimimandla ephuhlayo enohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lokuqala olulinganiselweyo kodwa iminqweno yokukhanya okubanzi.

Ukongeza, ezinye iimodeli zokukhanya ezitalatweni zelanga ziyilwe zineempawu ezidityanisiweyo ezinje ngezibuko lokutshaja i-USB okanye iindawo zeWi-Fi. Ezi yunithi zinemisebenzi emininzi aziboneleli kuphela ngokukhanya kodwa zikwasebenza njengeendawo zokuhlala zokutshaja izixhobo eziphathwayo okanye ukufikelela kwi-intanethi, ukujongana neemfuno ezininzi zeziseko zophuhliso ngaxeshanye.

Amanyathelo karhulumente kunye neeNGO ezisa izibane zelanga kwiindawo ezikude

Iinzame zentsebenziswano zokufakelwa kombane emaphandleni

Oorhulumente kunye nemibutho engekho phantsi kukarhulumente (NGOs) badlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuziseni izibane zasezitalatweni zelanga kwiindawo ezikude. Ukuqaphela amandla okuguqula ukukhanya okuzinzileyo, amazwe amaninzi aqalise amanyathelo okufaka umbane kwimimandla yasemaphandleni esebenzisa ubuchwepheshe belanga. Ezi nkqubo zihlala zibandakanya intsebenziswano phakathi kwee-arhente zikarhulumente, imibutho yophuhliso lwamazwe ngamazwe, kunye noluntu lwasekuhlaleni.

Umzekelo, iSolar Street Lighting Programme yaseIndiya, eyinxalenye yemizamo yayo yokufakelwa kombane emaphandleni, iye yafaka ngempumelelo izigidi zombane. izibane zendlela zesola kwiilali zelizwe lonke. Ngokufanayo, e-Afrika, amanyathelo afana nenkqubo yeBhanki yeHlabathi yokuKhanya kweAfrika iye yaququzelela ukusasazwa kwezisombululo zezibane zelanga kwiindawo ezingaphandle kwegrid. Ezi projekthi zinkulu aziboneleli nje kuphela ngeenzuzo zokukhanyisa ngokukhawuleza kodwa zikwanceda ekudaleni iziseko zophuhliso kunye nesiseko solwazi sokwamkelwa kombane ozinzileyo wexesha elide.

Ukuxhobisa uluntu ngeteknoloji ezinzileyo

Ii-NGOs zincedisa iinzame zikarhulumente ngokuphumeza iiprojekthi ezichongiweyo zokukhanyisa ezitalatweni zesola kwimimandla ethile. Le mibutho idla ngokuthatha indlela yokujonga uluntu, ibandakanya abahlali bendawo ekucwangcisweni, ukufakwa, kunye nokugcinwa kweenkqubo zokukhanyisa kwelanga. Lo mzekelo wokuthatha inxaxheba uqinisekisa ukuba iteknoloji ihlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zoluntu ngalunye kwaye ikhuthaza imvakalelo yobunini phakathi kwabahlali.

Uninzi lwamanyathelo akhokelwa yi-NGO nawo ajolise ekuxhobiseni ngolwazi, ukunika uqeqesho kumagcisa asekuhlaleni kunye nokwazisa malunga neenzuzo zamandla elanga. Le ndlela ayiqinisekisi kuphela ukuzinza kweeprojekthi zokukhanyisa kodwa ikwaxhobisa uluntu ngezakhono ezixabisekileyo nolwazi. Ezinye iinkqubo zide ziquke iindlela zokufumana inkxaso-mali encinane, nto leyo evumela iilali ukuba zityale imali kwiinkqubo zazo zokukhanyisa ezitalatweni zelanga nokukhuthaza ukuzimela geqe ixesha elide.

Impumelelo yala manyathelo karhulumente kunye ne-NGO ibonakalise ukusebenza kunye nefuthe lokukhanya kwezitalato zelanga kwiindawo ezikude. Ngenxa yoko, imibutho emininzi kunye namazwe amkela iimodeli ezifanayo, ukukhawulezisa ukusasazeka kwezisombululo zokukhanyisa ezizinzileyo kwiilali zehlabathi.

isiphelo

Village izibane zendlela zesola zingaphezulu nje komthombo wokukhanyisa; bamele ithemba kunye nenkqubela phambili yoluntu lwasemaphandleni kwihlabathi jikelele. Ngokubonelela ngezisombululo zokukhanyisa ezithembekileyo, ezizinzileyo nezifikelelekayo, ezi nkqubo ziguqula imbonakalo yeelali ezingaphandle kwegrid, ziqinisa ukhuseleko, zikhuthaza ukukhula koqoqosho, nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi. Iinzame zentsebenziswano yoorhulumente, ii-NGOs, kunye necandelo labucala zibalulekile ekuziseni obu buchwepheshe benguqu kwiindawo ezikude, ukuxhobisa uluntu ngamandla acocekileyo kunye namathuba amatsha.

Njengoko sijonge kwikamva, ukuqhubela phambili nokwamkelwa kobuchwepheshe bokukhanyisa ezitalatweni zesola kuthembisa ukuvala umsantsa wamandla phakathi kwemimandla yasezidolophini neyasemaphandleni, inegalelo kuphuhliso olulinganayo noluzinzileyo. Kwabo banomdla wokufunda ngakumbi malunga nezisombululo zokukhanyisa ezitalatweni zelanga okanye ukujonga iinketho zoluntu lwabo, nceda uqhagamshelane nathi ilanga@gdsolarlight.com. Sikunye, sinokuyikhanyisa indlela eya kwikamva eliqaqambileyo, elizinzileyo kwiilali ezisehlabathini jikelele.

Ucaphulo

1. Kumar, A., & Singh, R. (2021). "Izibane zeSolar Street kuPhuhliso lwasemaPhandleni: Ukuphononongwa okuBanzi." Ukuphononongwa kwamandla ahlaziyiweyo kunye noZinzo, 89, 123-145.

2. IQela leBhanki yehlabathi. (2020). "Ukukhanyisa indlela: Izibane zesitalato esineSolar-Powered Street kuluntu lwasemaphandleni." Ushicilelo lweBhanki yeHlabathi.

3. Johnson, M., & Lee, K. (2019). "Impembelelo yeSolar Street Lighting kuPhuhliso loQoqosho lwaseMaphandleni." Ijenali yaMandla aZinzileyo, i-12 (3), i-78-92.

4. Inkqubo yoPhuhliso yeZizwe eziManyeneyo. (2022). "Ukuxhobisa uluntu lwasemaphandleni ngokusebenzisa izisombululo zokuKhanya okuZinzileyo: i-Case Studies evela kwiZizwe eziPhuhlisayo." Ingxelo yoPhando ye-UNDP.